E-ISSN: 2619-9467

Contents    Publication Date: 25 Oct 2024
Year 2024 - Volume 34 - Issue 3

Open Access

Peer Reviewed

ORIGINAL RESEARCH
201 Viewed177 Downloaded

Representations of Menopause in Peruvian Women:Descriptive Research

Full Text PDF  
JCOG. 2024;34(3):83-90
DOI: 10.5336/jcog.2023-101150
Article Language: EN
Copyright Ⓒ 2024 by Türkiye Klinikleri. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
ABSTRACT
Objective: To describe the representations of menopause in women who received care in first-level health care facilities in the city of Lima. Material and Methods: Observational cross-sectional research in women aged ≥40 years. A simple random probability sample was used. The ''Menopause Representations Questionnaire'' was used, which has a reliability between 0.68 and 0.79. The questionnaire is composed of 22 questions and four dimensions, all questions are measured using a Likert scale. Results: The final sampling consisted of 819 women. The average age was 52.5 years. 69% reported having a stable union, 54.6% were working, 68.1% did not seek medical help, 31.9% used hormone therapy. Identity dimension: The presence of hot flashes, night sweats had an average of 3.9. Positive consequences dimension: Having more freedom to plan activities without worries had a mean value of 3. The control, awareness and causes dimension: Menopause is considered a natural phase of a woman's life with a value of 4.3. The control, awareness and causes dimension presented a mean value of 4.1 and the negative consequences dimension 2.72. Women who seek medical help showed differences in the identity, positive and negative consequences dimensions (p<0.05). Conclusion: Women perceive menopause as a natural phase of their lives and disagree with the idea that menopause means a decrease in quality of life.
REFERENCES:
  1. Ilankoon IMPS, Samarasinghe K, Elgán C. Menopause is a natural stage of aging: a qualitative study. BMC Womens Health. 2021;21(1):47. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  2. Afshari F, Bahri N, Sajjadi M, Mansoorian MR, Tohidinik HR. Menopause uncertainty: the impact of two educational interventions among women during menopausal transition and beyond. Prz Menopauzalny. 2020;19(1):18-24. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  3. Ayala-Peralta FD. Estrategias de manejo durante el climaterio y menopausia. Guía práctica de atención rápida. Rev Peru Investig Matern Perinat. 2020;9(2):52-66. [Crossref] 
  4. Lobo RA. Menopause and aging. In: Strauss JF, Barbieri RL, eds. Yen and Jaffe's Reproductive Endocrinology: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management. 8th ed. Filadelfia: Saunders Elsevier; 2019. p.322-56. [Crossref] 
  5. Verdonk P, Bendien E, Appelman Y. Menopause and work: A narrative literature review about menopause, work and health. Work. 2022;72(2):483-96. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  6. Hardy C, Griffiths A, Hunter MS. What do working menopausal women want? A qualitative investigation into women's perspectives on employer and line manager support. Maturitas. 2017;101:37-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Dennerstein L, Dudley EC, Hopper JL, Guthrie JR, Burger HG. A prospective population-based study of menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;96(3):351-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Kasano JPM, Crespo HFG, Arias RAR, Alamo I. Genitourinary syndrome in menopause: Impact of vaginal symptoms. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;20(1):38-45. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  9. Hickey M, Riach K, Kachouie R, Jack G. No sweat: managing menopausal symptoms at work. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;38(3):202-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Zhu D, Chung HF, Dobson AJ, Pandeya N, Giles GG, Bruinsma F, et al. Age at natural menopause and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Public Health. 2019;4(11):e553-e64. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Bahri N, Roudsari RL. "Moving from uncertainty toward acceptance": a grounded theory study on exploring Iranian women's experiences of encountering menopause. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2020;41(2):154-64. [Crossref] 
  12. Bahri N, Roudsari RL, Hashemi MA. "Adopting Self-sacrifice": How Iranian women cope with the sexual problems during the menopausal transition? An exploratory qualitative study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;38(3):180-8. [Crossref] 
  13. Avis NE, Brockwell S, Colvin A. A universal menopausal syndrome? Am J Med. 2005;118 Suppl 12B:37-46. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Hunter M, Rendall M. Bio-psycho-socio-cultural perspectives on menopause. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2007;21(2):261-74. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Hunter M, O'Dea I. Cognitive appraisal of the menopause: the menopause representations questionnaire (MRQ). Psychol Health Med. 2010;6(1):65-76. [Crossref] 
  16. Brown L, Bryant C, Brown V, Bei B, Judd F. Investigating how menopausal factors and self-compassion shape well-being: An exploratory path analysis. Maturitas. 2015;81(2):293-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Brown L, Brown V, Judd F, Bryant C. It's not as bad as you think: menopausal representations are more positive in postmenopausal women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;39(4):281-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Albergaria R, Leal I, Hunter M, Pimenta F. Menopause Representations Questionnaire: development and validation with Portuguese women. Climacteric. 2021;24(3):275-81. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Matzumura-Kasano JP, Gutiérrez-Crespo HF, Tserotas-Apostalakos K, Hernández-Guzmán LR. Cuestionario de representaciones de la menopausia: adaptación y propuesta de versión en español. An Fac med. 2022;83(4):319-26. [Crossref] 
  20. Harun MGD, Salema U, Chowdhury A, Haque MI, Kafi MAH, Shahajahan M, et al. Knowledge and attitudes associated with menopause among women aged 45 to 60 years: a pilot study among rural and urban women in Bangladesh. Menopause. 2020;27(6):648-57. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Stanzel KA, Hammarberg K, Fisher J. 'Not everybody is an internet person': Barriers for menopause-related health literacy among immigrant women from the Horn of Africa nations. Health Promot J Austr. 2021;32 Suppl 1:61-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Ghazanfarpour M, Khadivzadeh T, Latifnejad Roudsari R, Mehdi Hazavehei SM. Obstacles to the discussion of sexual problems in menopausal women: a qualitative study of healthcare providers. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;37(5):660-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Stanzel KA, Hammarberg K, Fisher J. Experiences of menopause, self-management strategies for menopausal symptoms and perceptions of health care among immigrant women: a systematic review. Climacteric. 2018;21(2):101-10. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Stearns V, Ullmer L, López JF, Smith Y, Isaacs C, Hayes D. Hot flushes. Lancet. 2002;360(9348):1851-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Mohamad Ishak NN, Jamani NA, Mohd Arifin SR, Abdul Hadi A, Abd Aziz KH. Exploring women's perceptions and experiences of menopause among East Coast Malaysian women. Malays Fam Physician. 2021;16(1):84-92. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  26. Reyhani M, Kazemi A, Farajzadegan Z, Keshvari M. Design and psychometric analysis of a climacteric adjustment questionnaire for middle-aged women. Menopause. 2020;27(3):333-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Sharifi K, Anoosheh M, Forughan M, Kazemnejad A. Women's experiences of mental health promoting factors during middle age: a qualitative content analysis. J Urmia Nurs Midwifery Fac. 2015;12(11):1028-37. [Link] 
  28. Pimenta F, Ramos MM, Silva CC, Costa PA, Maroco J, Leal I. Self-regulation model applied to menopause: a mixed-methods study. Climacteric. 2020;23(1):84-92. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Luo J, Hendryx M, Safford MM, Wallace R, Rossom R, Eaton C, et al. Newly developed chronic conditions and changes in health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2349-57. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Stute P, Ceausu I, Depypere H, Lambrinoudaki I, Mueck A, Pérez-López FR, et al. A model of care for healthy menopause and ageing: EMAS position statement. Maturitas. 2016;92:1-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Hardy C, Griffiths A, Norton S, Hunter MS. Self-help cognitive behavior therapy for working women with problematic hot flushes and night sweats (MENOS@Work): a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Menopause. 2018;25(5):508-19. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Sakson-Obada O, Wycisk J. The body self and the frequency, intensity and acceptance of menopausal symptoms. Prz Menopauzalny. 2015;14(2):82-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  33. Stanzel KA, Hammarberg K, Nguyen T, Fisher J. 'They should come forward with the information': menopause-related health literacy and health care experiences among Vietnamese-born women in Melbourne, Australia. Ethn Health. 2022;27(3):601-16. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Currie H, Moger SJ. Menopause - Understanding the impact on women and their partners. Post Reprod Health. 2019;25(4):183-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Huang KE, Xu L, I NN, Jaisamrarn U. The Asian Menopause Survey: knowledge, perceptions, hormone treatment and sexual function. Maturitas. 2010;65(3):276-83. [Crossref]  [PubMed]